RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in vitro the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets, acid production and expression of virulence genes of Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans). DESIGN: S. mutans UA159 biofilm was formed on orthodontic brackets under exposure to adrenaline (100 µM), noradrenaline (50 µM) or PBS solution (control group) in triptone-yeast extract with 1 % sucrose. After 24 h, biofilm formation was quantified through Colony Forming Units / mL (CFU/mL) and RNA was extracted to perform gene expression analysis through real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR). Evaluation of acid production was carried out on planktonic cultures for 6 h. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was carried to determine statistical difference. The level of significance was set at 5 %. RESULTS: Catecholamines stimulated biofilm formation of S. mutans in orthodontic brackets (p < 0,05) but did not interfere with acid production (pH reduction) or the expression of the tested genes related to biofilm formation (gtfB, gtfC, gbpA, gbpB, gbpC, gbpD and brpA), aciduric (relA) and acidogenic properties (ldh). CONCLUSIONS: The present study was the first to demonstrate that catecholamines can stimulate S. mutans UA159 biofilm formation. These findings can contribute to clarify the role of stress on bacterial metabolism and contribute to the understanding of a possible role on caries development, mainly in orthodontic patients.
Assuntos
Streptococcus mutans , Fatores de Virulência , Biofilmes , Epinefrina , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Norepinefrina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Abstract The cyclooxygenase (COX) exists in two main isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are present in the renal system to ensure its homeostasis. However, in different clinical situations, these enzymes can play a physiologic role in maintaining the integrity of this organ, and also be associated with the worsening of tissue injuries/damage. In this sense, an explanation of the true biological function of the isoforms of COX enables a better understanding of the physiology and pathology of the kidney, as well as a better understanding of the consequences of its inhibition by the use of drugs. This review aimed to study the biological role of the COX enzyme in the renal system in different clinical situations.
Resumen La ciclooxigenasa existe en dos isoformas principales: COX-1 y COX-2, estas se encuentran presentes en el sistema renal como parte de su homeostasis. Sin embargo, en algunas situaciones clínicas, las dos enzimas pueden desempeñar un papel en el mantenimiento de la integridad de este órgano, y en otras pueden estar asociadas a la evolución de daños y lesiones en los tejidos. En este sentido, el conocimiento de la verdadera función biológica de las isoformas de la COX permite una mejor comprensión de la fisiología y patología del riñón, así como una mejor comprensión de las consecuencias de su inhibición por el uso de medicamentos. El objetivo de esta revisión es estudiar la función biológica de la enzima COX en el sistema renal en diferentes situaciones clínicas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Rim , Brasil , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Anti-InflamatóriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the colonization of Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) in the tongue and cheek of newborns and elderly individuals with no teeth. METHODS: Seventy-four edentulous subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Microbiologic samples were taken from the dorsum of the tongue and cheek mucosa of all individuals and analyzed using a bacterial DNA-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: C. rectus was the most prevalent species in both groups (20.9% in the cheek of newborns, and 77.4% in the tongue of elderly subjects). P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were not detected in any of the 43 newborns; however, P. gingivalis was recovered from the tongue and cheek (3.2%) of elderly individuals, whereas P. intermedia was detected in the tongue (9.6%) and cheek (3.2%) of elderly individuals. T. forsythia was detected in newborns as well as elderly individuals, although the highest prevalence was observed in the tongue of newborns (6.9%) and elderly (9.6%) individuals. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not found in the tongue of newborns, but we observed A. actinomycetemcomitans in the cheek (2.3%) of newborns and in the tongue (12.9%) and cheek (6.4%) of elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although we did not detect P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in newborns, periodontal pathogens could be detected from the oral mucous membranes of edentulous individuals. Our results suggest that major attention should be paid to edentulous individuals as an important measure in the prevention of the initial colonization of natural teeth and dental implants by periodontal pathogens.
